Ambassador Arben Cici: Italy-Albania relations have never been affected by the change of political colors of the respective countries.

Interview– Ambassador ARBEN CICI to Director of GAZZETTA DIPLOMATICA, Marco Finelli

-The Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has adopted a more moderate stance on the international stage, in many issues, serving as a valuable intermediary between far-right European policy and other EU leaders, facilitating dialogue and cooperation and potentially bridging gaps between differing political factions, which could have important implications for European unity, transatlantic relations and EU Integration process of Western Balkans countries.

-A Trump presidency would likely mean more unpredictability in global diplomacy, strained alliances, and intensified geopolitical competition, especially in Europe and Asia.

-My forecast, based on current dynamics, is that these elections will be razor-thin, with high polarization making it harder to predict clear outcomes.

– I would like to start this interview talking about Albania. If you should choose three adjectives to describe your Country, which ones would you use?

Breathtaking, renowned for its stunning natural landscapes, including dramatic mountains, deep canyons, and picturesque coastline along the Adriatic and Ionian Sea.

Resilient, having a history of overcoming challenges and conflict, showcasing a strong national spirit and pride.

Albania has long served as a Historic Bridge between the West and the East, thanks to its strategic geographical location along the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. This positioning has facilitated cultural and economic exchanges for centuries, making it a crossroads of various civilizations. From ancient times, through the Roman and Byzantine Empires to the Ottoman period, Albania has been a melting pot of cultures, religions, and ideas. Its diverse heritage is reflected in its architecture, traditions, and languages, showcasing a unique blend of Eastern and Western influences that continue to shape its identity today.

In contemporary times, Albania’s role as a bridge between the two regions has become increasingly significant. As a member of NATO and a candidate for European Union membership, Albania is actively pursuing integration with Western institutions while maintaining its connections to neighboring countries in the Balkans and the broader Eastern Mediterranean. This dual engagement allows Albania to facilitate dialogue and cooperation between Western and Eastern countries, promoting stability and fostering economic development. By leveraging its historical ties and strategic position, Albania aspires to be a key player in regional security and a promoter of cross-cultural understanding in an increasingly interconnected world.

– What do you think about diplomatic relations between Italy and Albania today?

The history of relations between Albania and Italy, separated by the Adriatic Sea, is rich with events and connections. Their geographical proximity has fostered strong historical, economic, and cultural ties, demonstrating a stable partnership of mutual interest on both sides of the Adriatic.

Today, the relationship between Albania and Italy operates on two levels: bilaterally and multilaterally. It is crucial that both countries have affirmed the strategic nature of their relations and their shared commitment to addressing security and stability challenges. These ties are inherently strong, with Albania remaining a priority in Italian foreign policy. Italy views Albania not only as an expanding market but also as a crucial gateway to the Balkans, making it vital for Albania to maintain political stability and economic security.

Furthermore, Albania has found a supportive ally in Italy on its path to European Union membership, sharing a geostrategic commitment to security in the region and across Europe. However, despite Italy being the largest bilateral donor over the past two decades in Albania and its primary trading partner, it has not yet become the level of investor that is needed in both economic and strategic sectors. I advocate for more substantial Italian investments in Albania bringing new jobs and prosperity rather than the establishment of Italian camps for Mediterranean refugees provoking warm debates and potential instability.

– What do you think about Italian politics today?

I would like to underline the fact that Italy-Albania relations have never been affected by the change of political colors of the respective countries. With negligible nuances, they have followed their traditional trend of developing and strengthening bilateral, regional or multilateral relations.

The Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and her far-right party, “Fratelli D’Italia” has adopted a more moderate stance on the international stage, in many issues. This shift has allowed her to serve as a valuable intermediary between far-right European policy and other EU leaders, facilitating dialogue and cooperation and potentially bridging gaps between differing political factions, which could have important implications for European unity, transatlantic relations and EU Integration process of Western Balkans countries. This is very important for Albania and for Italy as well. The stronger approach, both politically and economically towards the Mediterranean countries shows the strike aspect of the current foreign policy of Prime Minister Meloni and her majority.

– What is your best memory as a diplomat during your career?

I can point to two of the most defining moments in my diplomatic career, spanning over three decades. First, my tenure as first Albanian Ambassador to Russia remains deeply etched in my memory. The task of rebuilding diplomatic relations with Moscow, following the post-Cold War realignment, was a monumental challenge, filled with intense negotiations, high-stakes diplomacy, and moments of great emotional significance. Navigating the complex landscape of a newly emerging global order, while fostering trust and dialogue with Russian counterparts, was an experience that left an indelible mark on my career.

Equally unforgettable was my role as Director of the Diplomatic Protocol of the State during the historic visit of U.S. President George W. Bush to Albania. The preparation and execution of this event was unparalleled in its complexity and importance. The collective diplomatic effort it required, the sleepless nights, and the close personal connections forged with both Albanian and American officials stand out as a testament to the human side of diplomacy. This visit was not just a logistical achievement but a moment of profound significance for Albania’s international standing. It was a reminder of how a single diplomatic event can shape the course of a nation’s history, reflecting the power and impact of successful diplomatic engagement.

– And the worse one?

Diplomacy knows no bad moments; every challenge it presents is an opportunity for growth, creativity, and problem-solving. The very essence of diplomacy lies in turning obstacles into breakthroughs, and its greatest test often lead to its most rewarding successes.

– We live in a particularly geopolitical moment on a global scale. Many are wondering what is the real power of diplomacy today.

Diplomacy seems to be constrained in many ways today. Power politics, nationalism, and the resurgence of authoritarian regimes often challenge diplomatic efforts. The influence of non-state actors, corporate interests, and social media very often overshadow or complicate traditional diplomatic channels. Moreover, trust in multilateralism has weakened in some regions, leading to a rise in unilateral or bilateral approaches.

The rises of global crises, like the war in Ukraine, in Gaza and Lebanon, tensions between Iran and Israel, and in the South China Sea, are testing the strength of diplomacy. But diplomatic channels are essential in crisis management, facilitating humanitarian aid, brokering ceasefires, or leading peace talks. While diplomacy’s role may face challenges, its ability to adapt to new realities and bring about peaceful solutions makes it as vital as ever in addressing global issues.

Diplomatic efforts are now likely to focus on more immediate concerns like reducing the risk of nuclear escalation, ensuring the flow of humanitarian aid, and addressing energy and food crises exacerbated by the war. A comprehensive peace agreement may seem distant, but diplomacy remains the only viable path to resolving the conflict long-term. As the war drags on, there is increasing pressure on global powers to pursue diplomatic solutions that can bring the war to an end without further destabilizing Europe, the Middle East and the global order.

I think that when diplomacy fails, the generals step in; but every battle fought is a reminder that diplomacy, not force, is the true measure of success.

– Talking about US elections, which forecast do you make?

The 2024 U.S. elections are shaping up to be one of the most unpredictable and closely watched in recent history.

The race is likely to be a rematch between President Joe Biden and former President Donald Trump. The candidate Kamala Harris, like never before, is defending the four-year candidacy of President Biden, during which she remained almost in the shadows.

Many issues such as inflation, immigration, healthcare, climate change and abortion right will play pivotal roles in shaping voter sentiment. Voters’ concerns over democracy and polarization may also be crucial. Swing voters in suburban areas, along with minority voters (especially Latino and Black communities), will likely decide the outcome. Additionally, younger voters, who were significant in 2020, may again play a decisive role.

The debates for the U.S. foreign policy become crucial, talking on war and peace, on Russia, Ukraine, Israel and China.

If Donald Trump were to become the next U.S. president, his foreign policy would likely have significant impacts on Europe, Asia, and the Middle East: Probably weakened NATO relations; strain relations with European countries especially those in Eastern Europe, which rely on U.S. security guarantees amid tensions with Russia;  stronger Russia Relations, (it could lead to a shift in U.S. support for Ukraine, impacting the broader European response); uncertainty in U.S.-China relations, particularly in trade and security matters, with potential consequences for the economies of regional allies like Japan and South Korea; closer ties with Israel and Gulf States, like Saudi Arabia and the UAE; tough stance on Iran with possibly heightening tensions in the region and risking further destabilization or conflict.

In short, a Trump presidency would likely mean more unpredictability in global diplomacy, strained alliances, and intensified geopolitical competition, especially in Europe and Asia.

My forecast, based on current dynamics, is that these elections will be razor-thin, with high polarization making it harder to predict clear outcomes.

– Albanian Diplomatic Forum: can you tell me about this project?

The Albanian Diplomatic Forum, established at the Mediterranean University of Albania, is dedicated to researching, exploring, and analyzing developments in foreign policy, as well as its significant trends and phenomena at the national and international level. It examines their consequences for Albanian society and their connections to regional, European, and global developments.

The forum fosters studies, analyses, and debates, facilitating both open and closed discussions. It serves as a platform where prominent figures in foreign policy, along with foreign and local diplomats, share their insights and perspectives on topics of foreign policy, diplomacy, European integration, regional dynamics, the role of Albania, and security issues at both regional and global levels, as well as within international, European, and world organizations. Over the past year, Albanian politicians and foreign ambassadors accredited to Albania have actively participated in the forum./www.gazzettadiplomatica.it